Training · Lesson 9

How Do You Bring the Team Into the Process?

The flow may be running, but if the team has not taken it over the work still sits on one person. In this lesson you fill in the handover list: roles, permissions, first week support, the single door for problems and putting the rules kept in the head into writing.

What you will learn in this lesson

The lessons up to here built the system: the task was picked, the process written, the data defined, the tool chosen, the flow built, the systems connected and the exceptions decided. This lesson takes on the people who will use the system.

The distinction is this: the flow may be running, but if the team has not taken it over, the work still sits on one person. When that person goes on leave the automation keeps running while the decisions at its edge stop. Handover is the sharing of those decisions too.

Lesson goals

  • Filling in the handover checklist across four columns
  • Writing who will use what, by role
  • Granting only as much permission as the work calls for
  • Setting up the first week standing-by arrangement
  • Naming the single door to go to when something comes up
  • Carrying the rules kept in someone's head onto the map

Prerequisites: a running flow and the exception log from the seventh lesson. Without the log, half of the decisions to be handed over are not written down.

How does automation change the team's work?

Automation does not take the work away, it changes its shape. Repeating steps move to the system side; decisions, exceptions and talking with the customer stay on the human side.

When this change is not written down, the team tries to do two things at once: it keeps running the old manual work and also watches the new system. The load does not drop, it doubles. The handover list exists precisely to get ahead of that.

Moves to the system

Triggering, creating records, moving data, reminders. The work whose steps are written down and which runs on rules.

Stays with people

Decisions, exceptions, talking with the customer and eyeballing what the system produced. These do not shrink, they become visible.

Newly born work

Going through the pending list, looking at alerts, filling in the log. This work needs an owner too, otherwise nobody does it.

The handover checklist: four columns

The list sits on a single page and each row describes one person or role. The four columns correspond to the four questions asked at handover; when one column stays empty, that person has been handed the system halfway.

Filling the list in before the handover is different from filling it in after. Filled in first, missing permissions and ownerless work come out on paper; filled in later, they get discovered one by one during the first week.

The four columns of the list

  • Who will use what: the role and the screens it touches
  • Which permission: what it can see, what it can change
  • Who supports in the first week: a named person
  • Who to go to when something comes up: the single door and its cover

The fourth column is what makes the list work. Left empty, everyone asks a different person and the same question gets answered several times.

Who will use what

Handover is written by role rather than by name, because people change while roles stay. For each role the screens that role actually touches are listed; a screen it does not touch stays off the list.

This distinction also changes the training: instead of showing everything to everyone, each role is shown its own screen. A screen that was not shown goes to the door anyway when it later causes trouble.

What gets written for each role

  • The role name: office coordinator, field team, accounting and so on.
  • The screens and lists that role opens, one by one.
  • The work the role does: opening records, approving, going through pending.
  • The work the role will not do; where the boundary is vague, work goes ownerless.
  • If one person carries two roles, two rows are opened rather than one squeezed row.

Once the list is complete, every screen of the system has an owner. A screen with no owner becomes the screen nobody looks at by the end of the first month.

Permission: as much as the work calls for

Permission causes trouble in both directions. Granted narrowly, the work stops and everyone goes to the same person; granted widely, a change made by accident cannot be taken back.

The criterion is this: what does this role have to see and what does it have to change in order to run its work? Where seeing is enough, the permission to change is not granted. The access row from the sixth lesson comes down to the person level here.

Seeing permission

Being able to open the record and the list. For most roles it is enough to run the work and it produces no result that cannot be taken back.

Changing permission

Opening records, updating them, going through pending. Once who may change which field is written, the argument ends.

Administration permission

Stopping the flow, changing a rule, opening a new user. A permission kept narrow and written by name.

The first week: standing by

Handover does not end with a meeting. The first week is the week the system runs together with the team, and that week somebody needs to stand by.

Standing by does not mean doing the work for them; it means answering when asked and, when not asked, going over the first days by eye. Once the name of the person standing by is written, the team does not hesitate to ask.

What the first week arrangement holds

  • Who stands by: a named person and a cover
  • When they look: at which hour of the day, at which list
  • What they look at: the pending list, the alerts, the first day's records
  • How notes are kept: where the asked questions get written
  • When it ends: which condition loosens the watching

The questions asked become the input of the exception log. If the same question came three times, what is missing is not the person but the unwritten rule.

Who to go to when something comes up

This is the most often skipped row of a handover. When the team meets a problem, do they go to the person who built the system, to the manager, or to the provider? Left unwritten, everyone knocks on a different door and the same problem gets told several times.

A single door does not mean piling problems on one person. The door is where the incoming problem gets classified and passed to the right place: is it a usage question, an exception, or a real fault.

1 Usage question

The "where did I do this from" kind. It goes to the person supporting in the first week and the answer gets added to the training note.

2 Exception

A situation the rule does not cover. It goes to the owner of the log, a decision is made and a row is opened.

3 Fault

The system works wrongly despite what is written. It gets narrowed with the diagnosis checklist, then goes to the building side.

Showing rather than teaching

The shortest way to explain the system to the team is to show it on their own records and then have them do it. Explanation on its own gets forgotten at the first real record.

The record used during the showing should be real but its result should be reversible. A test record is one recognisable by its name and cleaned up afterwards.

The order of the showing

  • A record from their own work is picked and gone through end to end together.
  • The person does the second record themselves, with someone standing by.
  • Where they get stuck is noted; the note is a correction input, not training.
  • A short written step list is left behind rather than screenshots.
  • The same showing should be repeatable for a newcomer.

The output of the showing is not a document but the second record the person completed alone. The document earns its keep next to that record.

Where does resistance come from?

Resistance is mostly not against the technology but against uncertainty. Under the sentences "will it take my job", "what happens if I make a mistake", "the old way was faster" sit three unanswered questions.

A handover made without talking these through can end with the system left unused on the side. The system existing does not mean the system is used.

Fear of losing the job

Once it is written which steps the automation took over and which work stays with people, the worry turns into a concrete list.

Fear of mistakes

It shrinks once the rollback path is shown. Someone who knows how a wrong record gets fixed does not hold back from using the system.

Habit

If the old way is still open, the new way does not get used. Where the manual fallback is kept open on purpose, the case for using it is written.

Rules kept in the head: the unwritten knowledge

Every team has rules that are not in the system: which customer gets called back first, which request gets held, in which case the phone is picked up. These usually sit in one person's head.

Handover is the best moment to make that knowledge visible, because in the first week the questions come by themselves. Writing the answer down comes cheaper than answering the same question a second time.

What gets written down in the first week

  • Every question that comes in the first week is noted, with its answer.
  • Repeating questions get worked into the process map as rules.
  • Rules that stay specific to a person get written into the role description.
  • Rules nobody knew about but the system applies get written too.
  • The written rules sit in one place the team can see.

Once this step is complete, the handover covers not only the screens but the decisions. That is the real handover.

The handover test: can the team run it

The same handover test done for the process map in the second lesson is done here for the system. The criterion is the same: does what was written run without the person who wrote it?

For the test, the person who built the system steps aside for a day and the team runs the work on its own. The questions asked and the places they get stuck are the output of the test.

What gets looked at in the handover test

  • Could the team complete the day without asking the builder
  • Was the pending list gone through, and by whom
  • If an alert came, did it reach the right person
  • If an exception came up, was it written in the log
  • Which steps they got stuck on, and which piece of information was missing

Passing the test once does not count the handover as complete; getting the same result a second time does. The first time there is a share of luck.

End to end example: the estate agency team takes over

The office picked a pilot task, wrote its process, defined its data, chose its tool, built the flow, connected the systems and opened the exception log. Until now one person used the system: the office coordinator.

At handover two roles get defined: the office coordinator and the field advisers. Because the screens and permissions of the two roles differ, the list opens as two rows.

The handover list the office fills in

The office coordinator row: uses the request list, the pending list and the exception log screens. The permission is written as opening records, updating them and going through pending; the permission to stop the flow is not granted. The first week support is the person who built the system, with the office manager as cover.

The field adviser row: sees only their own requests and writes the appointment result. Seeing permission is wide, changing permission is limited to a single field. Because this distinction is written from day one, the argument about "touching someone else's request by accident" does not open at all.

The first week arrangement is set up like this: every morning the pending list is gone through, in the afternoon the alerts get checked and the questions go into a note. Over the week twelve questions come in; nine are classified as usage questions, two as exceptions and one as a real fault.

Three repeating questions get worked into the process map as rules: "what happens when the phone is empty", "which record a second message from the same person goes to" and "where the record waits when an appointment is cancelled". All three were rules kept in the head; the handover puts them in writing.

In the handover test in the second week the office completes the day without asking the builder. The only step they get stuck on is the report screen, and the note list for that step gets written the same day.

Exercise: this week

This week open the handover list and write a row for every role that will use the system. You do not have to wait for a new build; handing over a flow that already runs uses the same list.

Download the handover checklist (xlsx) · a one page list with the columns who uses what, which permission, who supports in the first week and where to go when something breaks; the demonstration, the first week questions and the handover test are in it too.

Common mistakes

The ones below come not from the system but from the handover being left incomplete. What they share is this: none of them shows up in the system as a failure.

Handing over with a meeting

A presentation gets made and the handover counts as done. At the first real record the questions start but nobody is standing by.

The same permission for everyone

Wide permission gets granted to everyone for convenience. Who made the accidental change cannot be found either.

Leaving the old way open

The old manual way is not closed and no rule is written. On a hard day the team goes back to it and the system stays half used.

Not noting the questions

The same question gets asked to three people three times. The answer is produced afresh each time and sometimes comes out different.

Ownerless new work

New work such as going through the pending list or looking at alerts is written to nobody. After a while nobody does it.

Staying tied to one person

Only one person can use the system. When that person goes on leave the decisions stop, and the work does not move even though the automation runs.

Checklist

If every item on this list can be answered once the handover week is over, the handover counts as in place.

Is the handover in place

  • There is one row per role and the four columns are filled
  • The screens the role touches and the work it will not do are written
  • Seeing and changing permissions are granted separately
  • The first week support and the cover are written by name
  • The door for problems and the classification criterion are written
  • The showing was done and the person did the second record themselves
  • The first week questions were noted with their answers
  • Repeating questions were worked into the map as rules
  • The handover test was run twice and its result written

Glossary

Terms that come up in handover conversations. Calling the role and the permission by the same name keeps the list readable in the second month too.

What comes next

In this lesson you handed the system over to people: you wrote down roles and permissions, set up the first week routine, named the single door and put the rules that lived in one head into writing. The lesson ahead takes on measuring the result and growing what was built.

If you would like to carry on from the published lessons, the module that handles the exceptions at the edge of the flow with a log is next.

Lesson 8: Exceptions and fault handling

The exception log, the alerting path and the measurement that makes silent faults visible.

Lesson 2: Writing a process down

The process map and the handover test. The handover test here is that test applied to the system.

All lessons

The whole training section and the modules added since.

If you would like to fill in the handover list together, write to us and we will draw up the roles.

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Frequently Asked Questions

Does a handover call for training sessions?
Showing works better than presenting: a real record from the person's own work is picked and gone through end to end together, then they do the second record themselves. The output is not a document but the second record they completed alone; the document earns its keep next to it.
Would granting wide permission not speed the work up?
It looks faster in the short run and then produces changes that leave no trace. The criterion is this: what does the role have to see and what does it have to change to run its work. Where seeing is enough and changing is not granted, accidental changes can get fewer as well.
How long should the first week support last?
It ends on a condition rather than a duration: if the team can complete the day without asking and the pending list is gone through regularly, the watching can loosen. The handover counts as complete when the handover test gives the same result twice; the first time there is a share of luck.
What if the team does not want to use the new system?
Under the resistance there are usually three unanswered questions: what happens to my job, what happens if I make a mistake, was the old way not faster. Once it is written which steps moved to the system, how the rollback path works and in which case the old way gets used, the argument turns into a concrete list.
How do we put the rules kept in the head into writing?
The handover week is the best moment for it: the questions come by themselves. Every question that comes gets noted with its answer, and repeating ones get worked into the process map as rules. If the same question came three times, what is missing is not the person but the unwritten rule.